The overwhelming majority occur within three months to a year. This condition has been reported as early as five days and up to 56 years later. It is an incompletely understood autoimmune phenomenon initiated by the exposure of previously sequestered ocular self-antigens from the injured eye that results in a bilateral, diffuse, granulomatous non-necrotizing panuveitis and vision loss in the uninjured, or sympathizing, eye. †Īnother rare but significant complication of open-globe injuries is sympathetic ophthalmia, which is estimated to develop in less than 1 percent of cases. Patients with ocular lacerations undergoing wound closure greater than 24 hours, injuries occurring in a rural setting, having a retained intraocular foreign body, intraocular tissue prolapse, large wound size, and ruptured lens capsule are conditions associated with a higher risk of endophthalmitis.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are administered more liberally in an effort to prevent posttraumatic endophthalmitis, a devastating complication of an open-globe injury. However, as a result of the complex and delicate anatomy of this area, special challenges arise. Management of ocular gunshot wounds requires the fundamentals of wound care similar to gunshot wounds in other areas of the body, such as routine tetanus prophylaxis. Nearly 30 percent of all facial and cranial gunshot wound victims present with ocular injuries, and, of those, more than 50 percent lead to permanent visual dysfunction. The exposed surface of the eye accounts for 0.1 percent of the frontal surface area of the body however, the projectile-related damage is 50 times greater than what one would expect based upon surface area alone. These injuries often occur unintentionally at home and more commonly in young, minority men. Gunshot wounds account for 6 percent of all ocular injuries reported to the U.S. The differential runs the gamut from allergies, dry eye, contact lens overwear, and viral or bacterial conjunctivitis, to more serious eye conditions, such as uveitis or glaucoma. The term was coined in the 1550s and derived from bloodshotten-from the noun “blood” and the old past participle of “shoot,” a verb.* Many different ocular pathologies may result in conjunctival injection, or a bloodshot eye. The word “bloodshot” is defined as red and inflamed by swelling of blood vessels, or subconjunctival hemorrhage.
0 kommentar(er)
